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1240 Batu raid of Ruthenia was part of Mongol invasion on Rus. It took place three years after the 1237 Batu raid on the Volga Bulgaria and the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. ==Events== According to the Hypatian Codex, at the end of 1238 Batu Khan retreated to the Cuman land (presumably Donbas area), while sending his troops to Pereyaslav and Chernihiv. During the raid on Pereyaslav on March 3, 1239, the local church of St.Michael was destroyed plundered, while its bishop Simeon was killed. None of earlier period architecture has survived since then.〔(Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi ) at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine〕 When Mstislav Hlibovych heard that Batu Khan troops besieged Chernihiv he attacked them near the city walls. The Mstislav's army was destroyed, but he managed to flee. On October 18, 1239 Chernihiv was taken and burnt down. Chernihiv bishop Porfyriy was spared, but relocated to Hlukhiv. While scouting vicinity of Kiev, in the fall of 1239 Möngke Khan (Mengu Khan) reached Horodok Pisochny which was located on the left bank of Dnieper across Kiev. Today it is part of Kiev city, in Troieschyna neighborhood. Mengu-Khan sent his envoys to Michael and the city residents, but no one listened to them. Soon Michael flee Kiev to Hungary and his throne in Kiev was temporarily taken over by Rostislav from Smolensk. However sometime during the winter Daniel of Galicia attacked Rostislav and replaced him with his voivode (tysyatsky) Dmytro. Also in Kamianets Yaroslav of Medzhybozh took hostage the Grand Prince of Kiev consort and sister of Daniel Olena Romanivna as well as several boyars of Michael. Daniel managed to convince Yaroslav in releasing his sister who returned to live with Daniel and Vasylko. In summer of 1240 after unsuccessful negotiations with King of Hungary (Béla IV) and High Duke of Poland (Konrad I), Michael negotiated peace with Daniel and Vasylko who accepted his offer. Daniel promised to return Kiev to Michael, while giving his son Rostislav the city of Lutsk. However Michael refused to accept princely seat in Kiev and until fall of Kiev stayed in Kholm, the capital of Ruthenian Kingdom. After the fall of Kiev and further advance of Mongols, Michael and his son ran to Konrad, but later Michael tried to move to Silesia. On April 9, 1241 after he was rubbed and his granddaughter was killed in Środa Śląska, Michael returned to Konrad in Mazovia. At the end of fall Batu's troops took Kiev. During that time Daniel stayed in Hungary conducting negotiations. Batu Khan moved towards Volodymyr. On his way Batu unsuccessfully tried to take a fortress Kolodyazhyn near Sluch River. However, after some negotiations city folks were tricked to surrender and then were slain. Batu Khan continued to Kamianets upon Sluch (today Myropil) and Izyaslav taking both of the cities. After that Batu sacked many other cities including the capital cities Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Halych. The only cities who survived were Kremenets, Kholm,〔(Kholm ) at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine〕 and Danyliv (non-existing). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1240 Batu raid of Ruthenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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